life 2021 sap nat nature

Across states, the largest declines were estimated for Amazonas (3.14 years), Amap (2.46 years) and Par (2.44 years). Process Lead Job in Jacksonville, FL at Owens Corning For e65, the decline in 2021 was estimated at 1.05 years for both sexes (Fig. NaOH and mild heating (Fig. 2 Topics under the 2021 call 1. B 121, 36263635 (2017). Given multiple AIG Prestige, AIG EVP Quest and Citi E-Thank You awards for exceeding process target and providing continued assistance to the team. SKILLS Experienced in Master Data . Dev. 88, 5670 (2019). Frequently Asked Questions Estimates are presented by sex and state, and we measured and compared changes across states and in femalemale gaps in life expectancy. Chazovachii, P.T., Somers, M.J., Robo, M.T. Il 13 luglio stato aperto il primo invito a presentare proposte nell'ambito del nuovo programma LIFE 2021-202 7, che comprende quattro sottoprogrammi: natura e biodiversit, economia circolare e qualit della vita, Here, we assumed that individuals who did not die of COVID-19 in the first 4 months of 2021 would be subject to the 2019 age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates. Santos, M. C. et al. The ecoinvent database version 3 (part I): overview and methodology. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE General Information Projects should fall under at least one of the two areas of intervention: Intervention area: "Space for Nature" Any project aimed at improving the condition of species or habitats through areabased conservation or restoration measures falls within the eligible scope of the intervention area . endobj M.C.C., S.G.K. (UHe&+IW6rQIG nD!? Barbosa, R. J., Souza, P. H. G. F. & Soares, S. S. D. Distribuio de Renda nos Anos 2010: uma dcada perdida para desigualdade e pobreza. Therefore, efforts to introduce synergy between superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) recovery and PSA production may provide much-needed demand for diaper recycling end-products, which in-turn may improve environmental performance for both processes on a large scale. As with 2020, for both e0 and e65, the lowest declines in 2021 were concentrated in the Northeast, whereas the South, which had relatively smaller declines in 2020, is estimated to have a much greater loss in 2021. Clin. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. XWPH.c0vyT0GA&AEO_18Py7%ZN&d"h%I.[Al} xlTBbp~VXaUL|y17 Prot. SEARCH OTHER FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES OR REGISTER TO ACCESS ALL THE INFORMATION AND R&D PROJECTS OPPORTUNITIES IN YOUR AREAS OF INTEREST, Proposals under this topic must address EU Nature and Biodiversity legislation compliance assurance and access to justice by:- establishing new or, where in place, enhancing existing cross-border, national or regional networks of compliance assurance practitioners or experts; and/or establishing or, where in place, improving professional qualifications and training to improve compliance with binding EU legal instruments on nature and biodiversity, through promoting, checking and enforcing compliance, or- applying the polluter pays principle, using a mix of administrative law, criminal law and environmental [], What is is supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. In a previous paper, we described the spatiotemporal patterns of the spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil18. In Latin America, at least four countries experienced secular mortality declines at earlier dates: Argentina, Uruguay, Costa Rica and Cuba9. produced all visualization. Clean. For DT19, nRx is calculated as the ratio of expected deaths in the absence of COVID-19 to expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19. b, Bivariate choropleth map of the estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 and 2021 based on the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 11). 109, 57555798 (2009). ADS 2 0 obj 239, 255261 (2019). Adoption is complex, emotional, life-altering. R. Soc. Google Scholar. {o"yQr8"2ioFq[V LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles Overall, the viscoelastic properties of the synthesized PSAs suggest they would be useful for applications such as removable general-purpose adhesives, including tapes, bandages, and sticky notes. % Li, Q. et al. Chem. PDF LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT Nature & Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP A new variant of concern (P.1, now called Gamma), which emerged in the city in November 2020, is estimated to be 1.42.2 times more transmissible than other lineages, and at least 17% of the P.1 infections in Manaus in 2021 were reinfections23,24. Over the last decades, the completeness of death registration has improved steadily in Brazil43, and data completeness is likely to be similar for 2019 and 2020. Because the 2021 estimates are based on deaths that occurred in only a 4-month period, the magnitudes of declines are not directly comparable with those for 2020 using the DT19 method (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6). Abbasi, J. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> In both countries, the pandemic response in 2020 was disparate regionally, with lamentable national coordination3,4, resulting in a high and unequal mortality burden5,6. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). Blackwhite risk differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) transmission, mortality and case fatality in the United States: translational epidemiologic perspective and challenges. 2U19AI089681-08). The Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme will aim at the protection and restoration of Europe's nature and halting and reversing biodiversity loss. Under ultrasound, solvodynamic shear forces cleave polymer chains into shorter fragments while maintaining the polymers chemical identity. https://portal.fiocruz.br/sites/portal.fiocruz.br/files/documentos/boletim_covid_2021_extraordinario_maio.pdf (2021). Cancer diagnosis in Brazil in the COVID-19 era. Lancet Respir. and JavaScript. 34, 189200 (1991). JRSvk] Expected Impact . Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Barnes, D. K. A., Galgani, F., Thompson, R. C. & Barlaz, M. Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments. Second, in contrast to DT19 and DT20, the method based on the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 makes no assumption about independence of causes of death (that is, that the risks of dying from other causes are unaffected by the addition or elimination of COVID-19 mortality), an assumption that was almost certainly violated during the pandemic. For example, the 1918 influenza pandemic was estimated to have reduced e0 in the United States by 712 years7. interpreted the data. Protection and Research, The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. 8, 1450414510 (2020). and N.G. Soc. Science 372, 821826 (2021). Tbuas Abreviadas de Mortalidade por Sexo e Idade. We offer five reasons as to why. We estimated a reduction of 1.31 years in e0 from 2019 to 2020 (Fig. When closed-loop processes are unavailable, an alternative, known as open-loop chemical recycling can be utilized. & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. To compute the total persons-years lived for 2020, we added the monthly contributions. Castro, M. C. et al. The authors declare no other competing interests. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. Lancet Glob. Nat Med 27, 16291635 (2021). Lancet Glob. Sonication has previously been used to chain-shorten high-molar mass polymers with various backbone architectures31,32, including polyacrylic acid33, and has been used at scale34. Al-Jabari, M., Abu Ghyadah, R. & Alokely, R. Recovery of hydrogel from baby diaper wastes and its application for enhancing soil irrigation management. Rev. We made the assumption of proportionality between forces of decrement from cause i (or all causes except i) and the force of decrement from all other causes combined8,45. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. If material is not included in the articles Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. COVID-19 exacerbated inequality, exposing the most vulnerable to food insecurity and severe hunger38,39. For both DT20 and DT19, after estimating the ratio of non-COVID-19 deaths to all-cause deaths, we then used this ratio to estimate the counterfactual life tables in which COVID-19 was eliminated and COVID-19 was included, respectively. Innovation Place, CONNECTING and S.G. conducted the formal analysis. The rate of chain scission during sonication is directly proportional to the amount of chain entanglement during sonication35. Holmes, L. et al. The authors declare no competing financial interests. PubMed Central To obtain Noymer, A. Here we report an open-loop recycling method for these materials that involves (i) decrosslinking via hydrolysis, (ii) an optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) functionalizing via Fischer esterification. Polym. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020). Overall health conditions of individuals with diabetes worsened in 2020 due to reduced physical activity, postponement of medical appointments and interruption in regular drug treatment31. quizlet cosmetology. 2b). Governors in that region imposed the most rigorous measures of physical distancing, in direct opposition to recommendations from the President14. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. Teikti paraik ia. M.C.C. 24, 561564 (2021). Acc. PubMedGoogle Scholar. served as a sounding board throughout the project. Clustered tree size analysis of bio-productivity of Dinghushan National Slider with three articles shown per slide. J. Org. (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). For many polymers, recycling via mechanical processes is not feasible and these materials are destined for landfills or incineration. Noronha, K. V. M. S. et al. Changes in e0 can reflect differences in expected longevity between two periods, such as before versus during a pandemic. Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. Cite this article. Life Cycle Assess. Public Health Nutr. Green. For 2019 and 2020, our estimates include deaths from all causes registered in the Mortality Information System. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. Decrosslinking has been reported using ozonolysis16, though not for the purposes of mechanical recycling. Among the states, Amazonas lost approximately 60% for both sexes and 68% among males. sub-programme "Climate change mitigation and adaptation to change. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Bystryak, S., Santockyte, R. & Peshkovsky, A. S. Cell disruption of S. cerevisiae by scalable high-intensity ultrasound. The resulting chain-shortened PAAP&G fragments were then dialyzed to remove excess acid, lyophilized, and then ground into a powder. The dataset provides the age and sex structure of hospitalized COVID-19 deaths, and frequent updates are made publicly available by the Ministry of Health (https://opendatasus.saude.gov.br/nl/dataset). Science 371, 288292 (2021). Med. Excess mortality in Brazil: a detailed description of trends in mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primi bandi LIFE 2021-2027 - FIRST Carvalho, C. A., Viola, P. C. A. F. & Sperandio, N. How is Brazil facing the crisis of food and nutrition security during the COVID-19 pandemic? defined the methodology. First, as our main specification, we constructed period life tables that considered deaths by state, sex and age group. The complex viscosity again dropped several orders of magnitude over 24h, at which point no further changes were observed, again suggesting that most crosslinks have been hydrolyzed (Supplementary Fig. Teikti paraik ia. Al-Aly, Z., Xie, Y. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Collias, D. I. et al. Bauer, W., Jr. Acrylic acid and derivatives. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Programme: Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) . life-2021-sap-nat nature-DcardPTT|202206| https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/reports/super-absorbent-polymer-market (20152020). Wernet, G. et al. Posta Elettronica Certificata (PEC): protocollo.ispra@ispra.legalmail.it, Kick-off meeting of the projet LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest, https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/news/kick-off-meeting-of-the-projet-life-2021-sap-nat-nature-turtlenest/@@download/image/carretta.png. 276, 123350 (2020). https://www.vitalstrategies.org/resources/excess-mortality-in-brazil-a-detailed-description-of-trends-in-mortality-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (2020). 5. 1a, Supplementary Table 1 and Methods), with a larger drop for males (1.57 years) than females (0.95 years). wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Science 360, 2829 (2018). 364, 19851998 (2009). ANDS with Nectar and RDS have a vision in 2018-19 to create the Australian Research Data Cloud - "an integrated data-intensive infrastructure system, incorporating physical infrastructure, policies, data, software, tools and support for researchers." Res. 10, 48754880 (2019). Expected deaths in the presence of COVID-19 are calculated by assuming that individuals who do not die of COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021 are subject to the mortality rates of 2019. 32, 290299 (2016). Ching, T. W. et al. Also, the states with extreme values changed only for e65 for both sexes, with the lowest shifting from Roraima in 2019 to Amazonas in 2020. U.S. Patent 2,917,538 (December 15, 1959). Project Manager for Product Governance - ziprecruiter.com T.A., S.G. and S.K. In Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Lancet 394, 345356 (2019). Ultrason. "Environment" area. and JavaScript. <> Vaupel, J. W., Villavicencio, F. & Bergeron-Boucher, M.-P. Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). Applicants wishing to apply for more than one topic, must submit a separate proposal under each topic. ISSN 1078-8956 (print). By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Funding & tenders - European Commission Ecotricity hiring Sales Manager SME in Stroud, England, United Kingdom the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in The authors thank Procter and Gamble (P&G) for supporting this work, as well as Ryan Hayes and Jonah Vilseck for assisting with simulations, Edwin Zishiri for assisting with synthesis, Gary Gilbertson, Bill Begley, and Yiping Sun for performing SEC on the PSAs, and Prof. Brian Love for his intellectual contributions. To determine whether the base-mediated or acid-catalyzed pathway was better, the two routes were compared using a cradle-to-product life cycle assessment (LCA, Supplementary Fig. 2a and Supplementary Table 7). Demography 43, 647657 (2006). Therefore, COVID-19 sequelae might shorten individual lifespan. Ambiente & Sociedade 23, e0108 (2020). Jan 2021- Apr 20214 months Calgary, Alberta, Canada ENCI 693 - Project Engineering Management was a industry-led course for the graduate students majoring in Project Management at the Department. To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. is supported by the National Institute on Aging (grant no. Lines represent changes for Brazil. Catal. 10, 4153 (2021). State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. 15), producing the relatively small estimates of life expectancy decline. g;"a"E^X @; Moreover, the route involving just decrosslinking and esterification (i.e., no sonication) has the potential to be industrially scalable, providing a sustainable solution to a longstanding waste problem. Error bars are derived from an average of two experiments. In late April 2021, a parliamentary commission of inquiry was launched to investigate the governments handling of the pandemic response41. The Guardian. White House cybersecurity strategy stresses software safety Netball news: Nat Medhust discusses West Coast Fever return in Team 58, 13471364 (2020). Following multiple decrement life table methods previously used to measure the effect of COVID-19 on life expectancy8,16,17, we calculated two additional sets of estimates of life expectancy decline: (1) the difference between 2020 life expectancy estimated above and a scenario in which COVID-19 mortality has been eliminated from 2020 (DT20; Supplementary Tables 3 and 4 and Methods); and (2) the difference between 2019 life expectancy estimated from 2019 death records and a scenario in which 2019 all-cause mortality has been inflated to include COVID-19 mortality (DT19; Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and Methods). BMJ Open 11, e042934 (2021). The COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: analysis of supply and demand of hospital and ICU beds and mechanical ventilators under different scenarios. Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48 - 00144 Roma (I) In Amazonas, male e65 was estimated to decline by 20% from 2019 to 2020. Excitingly, a viable central region pressure-sensitive adhesive is accessible without any sonication. Nature Communications (Nat Commun) C.M.T. Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. https://www.fatersmart.com/ - (Accessed May 1, 2021). Records with ill-defined, unspecified or unattended deaths (codes R99 and R98) in 2020 were treated as non-COVID-19 deaths (4.9% (75,484/1,541,556)). For 2021, as the base case scenario, we calculated the number of deaths that would occur in the absence of COVID-19 (${\,}_n^ \ast D_x$). Managed the strategic partnerships with: Microsoft, Nokia, and NavTech. May 1998 - Jan 20012 years 9 months. - Experienced in end-to-end order management process using SAP - More than fourteen (14) years of experience on data analysis, which provides strategic and tactical support to Real Estate documents from various counties in the United States - Self-motivated, results-oriented, and able to work with minimal supervision - Possess proven problem solving abilities and very strong . JAMA 325, 808811 (2021). These are some examples of deteriorating health conditions that not only will generate a higher demand for healthcare services but also might affect future mortality patterns. For example, high degrees of esterification were observed via 1H NMR spectroscopy when using only 5 equiv. NTO s.15: Managers have full power to dispose of or deal with the land as . Nat. Several provisional patent and patent applications have been filed based on this work. a, Estimated change in life expectancy at birth in 2020 based on the difference from life tables calculated for 2019 and 2020 by state and sex. J. Mol. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais; RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Marcia C. Castro. I tried to learn Python before,. projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. Giving superabsorbent polymers a second life as pressure - Nature Science 372, 815821 (2021). As high life expectancies are predominantly in the South region and the lowest are in the North, these results suggest that COVID-19 mortality reproduced regional inequalities, reflecting the pandemics disproportionate burden among vulnerable groups5 but also spatial patterns of COVID-19 spread18. https://doi.org/10.25561/78670 (Imperial College London, 2020). Il nuovo programma contribuir alla transizione verso un' economia sostenibile, al miglioramento della qualit dell'ambiente e alla tutela della biodiversit. Degrad. Rio Grande do Sul, in the South, was the only state with an estimated increase in e0 from 2019 to 2020 for both sexes (0.07 years) but a decline for males of 0.11 years. We abstracted death data on 18 May 2021, for all states, as reported through 30 April 2021 (n=209,458 confirmed COVID-19 deaths). Picture: Matt Roberts/Getty Images. Proc. Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Through a multidisciplinary approach, the project intends to improve the conservation status of Caretta caretta, thanks to the establishment of an international network, through the use of the best shared techniques and the use of a monitoring system. Chem. Pocious, A. V. Adhesion and Adhesives Technology, 3rd ed. Dokumentai pareikjams: Gairs Paraikos forma (A ir B dalys) Priedas "Vietovs apraymas" Priedas "Ri ir buveini apraymas" Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Mechanical recycling is not feasible because the crosslinks prevent melting. Gairs ir kiti dokumentai - LIFE projektai We also calculated state inequalities in life expectancy, measured as the difference between the lowest and the highest state life expectancy, to assess changes due to COVID-19 (Methods). Among the states, the largest setback was estimated for Amazonas and Par (levels of 2006 for both sexes, 2008 and 2010 for females and 2005 and 2002 for males). Rev. life 2021 sap nat nature - crownxmas.com We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Manaus, the capital of Amazonas, observed a very high attack rate after the first wave of the pandemic in 2020 (ref. Considering the large COVID-19 death toll in Brazil, with marked regional inequalities, our goal was to quantify the loss in e0 and e65 in 2020 and in the first 4 months of 2021 due to the pandemic. We showed that a largely unmitigated pandemic, in a context of local inequalities, resulted in a high and unequal mortality burden. Sap gui scripting python - yebsw.von-der-leuchtenburg.de Third, for both 2020 and 2021, we calculated life tables based on the addition of COVID-19 mortality to the mortality pattern of 2019 (DT19). (John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003). First reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineage B.1.617.2 in Brazil: an outbreak in a ship and alert for spread. Recycling methods that utilize these waste polymers could attenuate their environmental impact. B Biol. Esterification of polyacrylic acid using alkyl halides under basic conditions had already been reported38. Environ. Between 1945 and 2020, e0 in Brazil increased from 45.5 years to 76.7 years10, an average of almost 5 months per calendar year. Commercial polyacrylate-based PSAs are often accessed via petroleum-sourced monomers (Fig. #n$dA"yTtM nTv_J{Bf25X1E[B Y@V(//G0g4_fc_Cv;`& ,. Sci. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Nature Governance ). To circumvent these challenges, the water by-product can be selectively removed via azeotropic distillation, or a large excess of alcohol can be employed44,45. The impact of COVID-19 on people with diabetes in Brazil. Experimentally, a plateau is observed in the plot of weight-average molar mass (Mw) versus sonication time. 2 0 obj performed the computations mentored by P.M.Z. 19, 36923706 (2017). CAS The resulting materials exhibit low-to-medium storage and loss moduli, and as such, are applicable as general-purpose adhesives. Eng. Collias, D. I. et al. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. LIFE 2021 - 2027 Webinar The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. Waste Manag. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV: Nature Governance - Innovation Place LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT-NATURE Gamta ir biologin vairov (angl. 4074 https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/index.php/biblioteca-catalogo?id=297884&view=detalhes (IBGE, Coordenao de Geografia, 2016). Both methods resulted in larger estimates of life expectancy decline compared to the difference between 2019 and 2020 period life tables (Supplementary Tables 1 and 2): for example, for Brazil (both sexes), the decline in e0 was estimated at 1.92 years (DT20) and 1.67 years (DT19) versus 1.31 years (difference between 2019 and 2020 life tables).