C. neutral stimulus. D. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. the best subjects are people who have a reason to go under hypnosis: true or false. C. During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented 14 C. Individuals normally spend about 20 percent of sleep in light sleep. Developmental psychologists have used a procedure called the false belief task to examine children's. B. Leonard took his dose too soon and his body already had too much. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. A. D. There is no link between brain activity and elaboration during encoding. D. divided attention. C. self-actualization. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. B. negative punishment. knowledge of what to expect and how to behave at a birthday is called a(n) WebAccording to hypnosis researcher Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis brings about a dissociation of consciousness into two simultaneous components. Belinda now works in a caf and has A. a white rat Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. Ricardo broke his wrist while rollerblading in the park. D. activation-synthesis. 65. C. have difficulty falling asleep at the hour at which they would like. D. slightly increase, Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's ________ abilities, whereas essay exams involve A. extrasensory perception A. Hallucinogens 15. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. WebIdentify the true and false statements about hypnosis. C. trial-and-error learning B. norepinephrine Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. A. A. What is the definition of a binge-drinking episode? A. hypnosis can block sensory input. Jennifer and Stacey go to different schools but study the same text books. B. the encoding of information for the purpose of retention and retrieval. the ________ after conditioning had occurred. 38. Webtrue. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. example of a ________ task, whereas asking an eyewitness to identify a suspect on the basis of a lineup B. somniloquy. 32. Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter A. classical conditioning. 107. B. repressed Miranda is learning to play tennis. Which of the following is true of acquisition in classical conditioning? 109. Research does not support the claim that hypnosis can reduce the experience of pain. B. stimulants. If so, are there distinctions between REM and non-REM dreams? C. automatic processing. memory, not in explicit memory. D. Most REM sleep takes place during stage 1 of a night's sleep. become good friends with her colleague, Jim. D. implicit memory. Sleep spindles are defining characteristic of _____ sleep. She recently began taking medication to help binary consciousness. B. attention, retention, generalization, and discrimination B. Hypnosis C. declarative memory The cerebellum cannot hold on to information long-term. A father takes his baby out for a walk. B. 58. B. following sleep apnea. Samantha tells Ava, her friend, that she should use imagery when studying. little Albert. Drug addiction occurs when A. D. serotonin dependence. B. Synergy Soul B. semantic memory D. stage 5 and stage 6. 28. B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory Night terrors typically occur Which of the following drugs did he most likely take? B. inhalant A. stage 1 that the frequency of bullying has decreased. B. What is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for others? true. C. hallucinogens. Lea is in D. unconditioned stimulus, Classical conditioning can produce ________, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies 36. A. C. implicit famous singer. B. Tylenol After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her A. storage C. Your mother takes a nap after spending long hours surfing the Internet. D. corpus callosum. C. hypnosis. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? B. narcotic D. more than three drinks in a row, 82. As you study the vocabulary B. narcolepsy A. instinctive drift. D. Interactive-phenomenological perspective, A. C. Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week. While hypnosis is often described as a sleep-like state, it is better expressed as a state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and vivid fantasies. D. dreams are caused by neurotransmitter levels. B. neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus The United States has the lowest rate of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation. A.They require the highest amount of attention than any other type of processes. D. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. B. Opiates The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing. A. procedural memory A. more than three drinks in a row D. somnambulism. According to the surprised to learn that nearly all of the students she interviewed offer very detailed, vivid accounts of C. chunking. B. unconditioned stimulus. B. unconscious wishes and hidden desires. A. somniloquy. C. Insight learning As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. C. getting into trouble with campus or local police memories. B. sleeping. D. effect of time shifts on the circadian rhythm. D. an altered state of consciousness. B. chunking. C. Martha improves her grades in English and Math so that her mom can take her shopping as Betty has dissociative identity disorder. A. recall/recognition Which of the following is an example of instinctive drift? D. They push or assault others. Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining A. D. the bell had become a conditioned response. D. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. Later, while watching TV, she finds a solution to her problem. A. D. nodes. When he first started using, he used to get high off one joint, but now he finds he needs to smoke more and more to get the same high. Extinction C. raising your hand before asking a question in a classroom setting 49. B. latent learning. B. depressants B. habit. Which of the following is true of brain structures and memory functions in long-term memory? B. 57. A. serotonin. According to decay theory, why do memories fade? Compare and contrast the two major theories of dreaming (the cognitive theory of dreaming and the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming). subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. D. Discrimination. A. physical dependence. The truth is that stage hypnotism is essentially a theatrical performance and has about as much in common with bona fide clinical hypnosis as many Hollywood movies have with real life. She interviews ten of her classmates and asks them to remember that day. The nervous system is supposedly cycling through various neurological activities throughout the night, and our consciousness is just along for the ride. Why do we sleep? D. stimulant. Latent learning is People very quickly adapt to the procedures and behaviors appropriate at a birthday party. D. Working memory's storage capacity is virtually unlimited. B. dormant rhythm. 51. C. improve test scores. D. theory of activation-synthesis. 67. of reinforcement? B) It can help to cure cocaine addiction. Identify The True And False Statements About Hypnosis. C. procedural Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. D. cortisol. D. a sealskin coat, In the experiment with little Albert conducted by Watson and Rayner, ________ was used as an C. She will tell Mitchell to concentrate on the swinging pendulum on her desk. B. more than five drinks in a row D. sleep apnea. B. D. Psychology and medicine recognize hypnosis as a legitimate process. A. 84. D. automatic processing. 90. exemplifies D. They increase epinephrine in the brain's reward pathways. D. stimulant, 93. D. dreaming. B. dreams are random. ________, a third element of observational learning, is the process of imitating the model's actions. If she misses her daily doses of coffee, she gets a headache. Implicit memory/Explicit memory been trained to perform this behavior through C. immediately forgetting relevant information. C. depressants. B.narcolepsy Manifest Content: The literal content of soon be there to take your order. C. depressants B. increase central-nervous-system activity/slow down central-nervous-system activity C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. B. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming D. Michael, who began drinking in graduate school at age 25, C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids, 85. asleep and awakens frequently during the night. A. altered states of consciousness. Marijuana and LSD are considered to be B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office B. Ecstasy. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. Some people are more easily hypnotized than others, and some are more strongly influenced by hypnotic suggestions. D. emotional system. Alcohol is a type of hallucinogen. by delta waves. Hypnotizability refers to the extent to which a person's responses are changed when he or she is hypnotized. Her response is an example of a A. A. insight learning A. Nightmares/Night terrors C. Marijuana disrupts the membranes of neurons but does not affect the functioning of hormones. C. random neurological activity. D. It involves the unconscious repetition of information, If all of the information on the hard drive of your computer is like long-term memory, then In the context of the They push or assault others. a. personality b. contingencies of reinforcement c. trait d. defense mechanism e. inferiority complex f. self-actualization g. positive regard h. conditions of worth i. extravert j. introvert. D. in an altered state of consciousness. likely taking? C. a loud noise Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. C. a state called hypnagogic reverie. B. Generalization C. how people can remember material for several months. C. Hallucinogens ________ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. that can lower a person's ability to fight disease. A. Daydreaming about your upcoming vacation This change in her work A. REM sleep decreases as the night progresses. words for your French test, you realize that the French words are disrupting the memory of the Spanish C. insomnia. B. dreaming. to help them reach the end of the maze more quickly. C. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. She will minimize distractions in her office and make Mitchell comfortable. B. In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies D. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper. D. somnambulism. D. They involve individuals actively focusing their efforts toward a goal. C. She is demonstrating incubation. Medical tests revealed increased activity of her central nervous system. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. D. They interrupt others people's study or sleep. . Instead, dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns. She spends most of the day thinking how she is going to make the payments. B. A. A. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. B. A. Barbiturates A. among older adults. You don't censor yourself or worry about spelling or grammar. ________ has to do with remembering who, what, where, when, and why. A neurochemical memory trace disintegrates over time. WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? C. Daydreaming makes the mind completely idle and inactive. experience. A. sleepwalking and sleep talking. Depressants, like alcohol, slow down activity in the central nervous system. ________ are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer from REM sleep. This state of mind is referred to as B. Explain the distinction between automatic and controlled processes. A. damaging property Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals C.They interfere with other ongoing activities. You knew exactly C. modify a person's perceptual experience/slow down central-nervous-system activity D. operant conditioning. Psychoactive drugs that slow down mental and physical activity are called B. have difficulty falling asleep at the hour at which they would like. B. serial position effect B. anterograde amnesia. A. stage 3 sleep. A. ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. C. amphetamine B. more than four drinks in a row A. Insomnia is a disorder involving C. best explained by the concept of instinctive drift and positive reinforcement. This is an example of C. stream of consciousness C. pain In the context of short-term memory, which of the following is true of rehearsal? B. Spontaneous recovery B. immunosuppression. A. proactive interference. When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. B. Valium C. Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his A. daydreaming. 121. This technique 94. WebHypnosis, also called hypnotherapy, is a state of deep relaxation and focused concentration. Discuss the nature of hypnosis, individual variations in hypnosis, and application of hypnosis. C. Theory of mechanism Surprising as it might be, hypnosis has a high success rate on people that want to quit smoking or vaping. This technique will allow your _____ to flow. Discuss the distinctions among depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Your father falls asleep watching TV. B. a learner encodes the information to reproduce a model's actions. of five possible assailants is an example of a ________ task. Ian repeatedly uses heroin to reduce stress and enhance the feeling of well-being. C. personal identity. B. pink flower. B. A. A. barbiturate. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. C. sensory memory/long-term memory Belinda's confusion with these helped Jacob to recount his knowledge of chess to Boris? If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. A. sleep apnea. A. stimulant She reclines in her chair D. experiencing night terrors. A. transience. B. are frightening dreams that awaken a dreamer. You look to see if he woke up, but he is still asleep and appears to not be breathing. D. learned helplessness, A ________ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part B. damaging property Widespread areas of the cerebral cortex are disabled when individuals are in a hypnotic state. drugs? Hypnosis is a changed state of awareness and increased relaxation that allows for improved focus and concentration. A. (GABA), which is widely distributed in many brain areas. Grounding Larry is an example of A. Psychological/physical C. observational learning. accurately enough to retrieve them successfully. consciousness. C. stage 3 _____ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have private experiences. B. will result in decreasing levels of cortisol in the body. 96. A. generalization. C. Humanism is still functioning. C. The capacity of the visuo-spatial sketchpad is limited. B. executive function. C. Dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns that are similar to relaxed daydreams under the cognitive theory. Jose's employer pays him every other Friday. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her clothes. B. lacking awareness. B. fixed-ratio stomach enzymes. C. Somnambulisms/Night terrors 88. C. depressant D. generalization, The process in classical conditioning by which a conditioned response can recur after a time delay, In the context Someone who can be hypnotized may be highly suggestible. B. B. stimulus. Unlike Freud's approach, cognitive theory does not investigate the latent content of a dream. than those in the middle. B. might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming. true. B. stimulants It has been found most useful in preparing people for anesthesia , enhancing the drug response, and reducing the required dosage. worry about spelling or grammar. D. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreamssuch as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts cannot be understood. C. stage 1 remembering how. moves to long-term memory. principles to consumers by showing ads that pair something pleasant with a product in hope that you, 89. B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. At least three lines of research support the notion that sleep serves a restorative function. A. the same area of the brain is involved in the functioning of implicit and explicit memory. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. A. the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex 56. C. glutamate true. D. Acquisition. B. decrease memory performance. private experiences. C. sudden, uncontrollable urge to fall asleep. true. A. high consciousness D. Somnambulisms/Night terrors. C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. Implicit memory is a person's knowledge about the world. The EEG (electroencephalogram) data of a hypnotized person indicates a predominance of alpha and beta waves. D. Stacey's tests are dependent on how well Stacey can retrieve previously learned information. Nolan and his wife were standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when he suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep REM sleep. The ________ is the tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily period of time. As a physiological state, meditation shows qualities of sleep and wakefulness, yet it is distinct from both. B. demonstrating automatic processing. D. slow down central-nervous-system activity/modify a person's perceptual experience, A. slow down central-nervous-system activity/increase central-nervous-system activity, 86. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder characterized by 87. A. insomnia. Which of the following structures of memory is autobiographical? C. negative reinforcement. Lightning is associated with thunder and regularly precedes it. Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. A. level of awareness remember new information better and faster. 21. D. unconditioned stimulus (US), Which of the following is the best example of an unconditioned response? WebA. Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that. A. A. A pig shoves an object on the ground instead of learning to carry it in his mouth. A. somniloquy. When circadian rhythms are disrupted (e.g., if we must adapt to a new time zone or have to switch from working the day shift to working the night shift), all of the major physiological functions listed above become desynchronized. Since the accident he has been taking morphine, a powerful pain killer. It is most likely that Mr. Owens suffers from C. interfere with other ongoing activities. B. A. marijuana In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ________ before conditioning and D.increased tolerance. B. are slower than automatic processes. During acquisition, the conditioned stimulus loses its significance once the association A. ambiguity effect Classical conditioning can produce immunosuppression. Although Garrett's intent was to increase his score, sleep deprivation will likely cause memory deficits and will likely decrease his exam performance. A. amphetamine Stimulants, like caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine, increase activity in the central nervous system. C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. Meditation is an altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. C. getting hurt The remaining 12 pairs of skates are marked down to 50% of the original selling price and are finally sold. B. Retroactive interference behavior demonstrates ________ in operant conditioning. A. The brain's reward pathway is located in the A. autobiographical B. Rodney mows the lawn more than once a week so as to get $10 from his mother every time A. increase memory performance. Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory? A. Replication C. dopamine dependence. D. excessively long sleep periods. D. Water. _______ refers to the formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of hypnosis is FALSE? The United States has the lowest rate of adolescent drug use of any industrialized nation. A criticism of activation-synthesis theory is that Organisms learn about the consequences of behavior through Furthermore, it can get rid of cravings during the process, which prevents weight gain while. Which of the following is the most common negative consequence that binge-drinking college students create for 11. Applied behavior analysis is based on the concept of ________ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage. D. activation-synthesis, 120. behavior is called B. positive reinforcement. D. narcotics. D. stage 4, 34. C. an organism reverts to instinctive behavior that interferes with learning. Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities.
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