Introduction: This simulation on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the obstetric population presents learners with one of the more commonly encountered etiologies of critical illness in the pregnant patient. Development of simulation scenarios for an adolescent patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. The debriefing environment should be removed from the location where the simulation took place. - Exacerbating & relieving factors 05:12 SimMan offers you the ability to provide simulation education to challenge and test your students clinical and decision-making skills during realistic patient care scenarios. The Theory
If the patient has clinical signs ofanaphylaxis(e.g. Trainee will describe the changes in vital signs, the major metabolic, fluid, and electrolyte. Therefore, the session is divided into four sections of 15 minutes each, so that the facilitator is constantly aware of being on time (or not), even after the first 15 minutes period. Much time was wasted explaining why it did not matter. 2) Complete the assigned suggested readings 3) Complete the presimulation preparation virtual simulation game (Instructor will provide link) 4) Once you have completed reading this document and prepared for your simulation, please: a. Because of the early stage (first year) of their medical careers, they have not yet seen vital sign monitoring, or patients, so these clinical aspects are introduced and emphasized. Re-assessthe patient using theABCDE approachto identify any changes in their clinical condition and assess the effectiveness of your previous interventions. Always adhere to medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. As this is an interactive discussion session, any needed debriefing and/or explanation is given during the sessions. Diabetic ketoacidosis; Simulation training; Medical students. The instructions to the facilitators suggest a series of structured, sequential questions to the students (starting at one end, involving each student in turn, and repeatedly cycling around the group.) They have had no clinical exposure or any clinical experience. Scenario in a Nutshell Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in pregnancy. The instructors have to appreciate that the trainees participating in this simulation have not seen a diabetic patient in either a ward or ER, but that they have knowledge of the underlying physiology. Healthcare Students' Psychological Well-Being in a Diabetic Ketoacidosis Simulation. Creating a Simulation Experience to Promote Clinical Judgment Both external and internal potassium balances are disturbed during the development and treatment of DKA. Prior to starting the scenario, the instructor should introduce a short summary of the case study and ask open-ended questions regarding the management direction. We have been presenting Simulation Laboratory sessions to our preclinical medical students (first and second years). Make sure to re-assess the patient after any intervention. Generaltipsfor applying anABCDEapproachin an emergency setting include: Acute scenarios typically begin with abriefhandoverfrom a member of thenursing staffincluding thepatients name,age,backgroundand thereasonthereviewhas been requested. Use an effectiveSBARR handoverto communicate the key information effectively to other medical staff. Assess the patients level of consciousness using the AVPU scale: If a more detailed assessment of the patients level of consciousness is required, use the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Inspect for evidence of self-injection sites (e.g. Cureus is on a mission to change the long-standing paradigm of medical publishing, where submitting research can be costly, complex and time-consuming. 1) Please read through this document as it will help you prepare for your upcoming simulation on DKA. Virtual patient simulation (VPS) is an interactive computer simulation that recreates real-world scenarios with the objectives of training, education, and assessment for health care providers [].Virtual simulation has been used extensively to adapt nursing education to the COVID-19 pandemic context [], such as social distancing and/or confinement. 3. Given such a small group, the students indicated that they feel more involved than they would with a larger group (eg, the whole class.) If an obstruction is visible within the airway, use afingersweeporsuctionto remove it. She had developed nausea, extreme fatigue, mild disorientation, and blurred vision toward the end of the soccer match. Diabetic Ketoacidosis: An Emergency Medicine Simulation Scenario Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | Acute Management | ABCDE The questionnaire for the assessment of the session is given in full in the web-based supplement (Appendix A, Supplemental Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/SIH/A1). Published August 2015. 1. NPAs should not be used in patients who may have sustained a skull base fracture, due to the small but life-threatening risk of entering the cranial vault with the NPA. A collection of communication skills guides, for common OSCE scenarios, including history taking and information giving. type 1 diabetes), Complete insulin insensitivity (e.g. A chest X-ray should not delay the emergency management of DKA. Intubation lubricants can mimic drooling. - PSA Question Pack: https://geekymedics.com/psa-question-bank/ We have 18 to 20 PBL groups for an hour each in the week after their PBL DKA session. Other details are also important, including descriptions regarding patient language skill, social history, socioeconomic history, family history, religious practices or beliefs pertinent to treatment, and descriptive signs and symptoms. A hyperglycemic patient may present with tachypnea, which often presents as Kussmauls respirations, tachycardia, orthostatic blood pressure changes and other signs of dehydration and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Diabetes UK with the Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group. Circulating nurse in the emergency room (ER). This allows us to get in touch for more details if required. Problems are addressed as they are identified and the patient is re-assessed regularly to monitor their response to treatment. KDCA for FSX - Fly Away Simulation Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Clinical Pathway Emergency Department Well done, youve now stabilised the patient and theyre doing much better. Terms of Use. The Simulation Laboratory session follows after a completed PBL session, and is aimed at making the case come alive, while providing a clinical perspective to preclinical students. See our blood glucose measurement guide for more details. For diabetic assessment involving DKA, staging may include the use of a container with a small amount of acetone placed near the manikin because many students may not know what acetone smells like but will expect to smell something. DY{Qb"(EgN$QI*%XN1F""0a5 DKA can develop within 24 hours and is potentially life threatening, requiring prompt recognition and therapeutic intervention. Note that if-thens must also include negative patient outcomes for when the provider doesnt take appropriate action. The students have acquired all the applicable theoretical knowledge of the case during the previous multiday PBL sessions. Inspect theairwayfor obviousobstruction. This simulation session therefore aims to make the case come alive, and show this known case in a clinical context. In this section, we have to help the trainee to institute definitive therapy based on the underlying biochemical abnormalities. diagnosis of DKA Trigger 3, ABG show acidosis and high BM and normal potassium. Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the Obstetric Population: A Simulation dq-]gX4
`L'u7myx) rpjf0z,.y`VMyx-&Ju`U0 Diabetes mellitus affects nearly 7.8% of the U.S. population, with approximately 510% of this group affected by Type I and 9095% by Type II.1 Diabetes is the most common type of endocrine disease and was the seventh leading underlying cause of death listed on death certificates in 2006. After the initial treatment is initiated, by showing a simulated urine and blood, and by getting them to smell ketones, we can enable the trainee to confirm the diagnosis of DKA. She began experiencing progressively worsening thirst, increased appetite, and excessively increased urination. SimMan Nursing Scenarios Software. The patient was placed in the supine position and was a little confused as well as drowsy but at times had a good verbal response (Glasgow Coma Scale 15/15). *=NdL/c2XSJn8:I Jb8'.8>N*[L .hxw6afq40DX3c~>abt'Q,8y(BZu(vKBTufIR. endobj
The students are in their basic science course. Pediatric Emergency Medicine Didactics and Simulation (PEMDAS The simulation experience serves to give substance to the theoretical words and concepts that the students encountered during the PBL sessions. Experience has shown that the more experienced the provider, the more detailed the environmental and manikin staging should be, because providers are trained to take in and interpret visual cues as indicators of patient status. Make sure tore-assessthe patient after anyintervention. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. These are not learning objectives in this program. We then start the DKA state. See Appendix D, Supplemental Digital Content 4, https://links.lww.com/SIH/A4. An animated lecture may be described as a pseudo-simulation environment. Administer oxygen to all critically unwell patients during yourinitialassessment. PA EMT Said COVID Patient Didnt Need to Go to the Hospital. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Its important to train and educate students of prehospital care on key indicators of a diabetic emergency. If you'd like to support us and get something great in return, check out our awesome products: You don't need to tell us which article this feedback relates to, as we automatically capture that information for you. An integral part of a PBL session is for trainees to be able to navigate through huge literature bases. Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening illness which classically presents with polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia that can rapidly progress to severe dehydration and altered mental status from cerebral edema. Privacy Policy - 2500+ OSCE Flashcards: https://geekymedics.com/osce-flashcards/ We do have a wig that we place on the patient, but we do not try for full realism. For instance, if we mimicked the noise and traffic of a real emergency department, this would constitute excessive realism, and become a distraction to beginner medical students. Please enable scripts and reload this page. A blood glucose level may already be available from earlier investigations (e.g. Classroom Dynamics
In this section, we have to guide them as to what they should do first for the patient in this critical condition (ie, treat the A, B, Cs of airway, breathing, and circulation) before we can confirm the diagnosis. You may be asked to review a patient with DKA due to confusion, reduced level of consciousness, tachycardia, hypotension and/or vomiting. Instead, instructors should combine case- and simulation-based techniques when teaching diabetic assessment. Its absolutely necessary to follow all immersive simulations with a positive, emotionally safe and nonjudgmental debriefing environment. Inspect the urine currently in the catheter bag and note its appearance (e.g. 2. Outcomes Educating Nursing Students Using an Evolving, Simulated Case Perform urinalysis and send the urine for culture if urinary tract infection is suspected. She tends to drink sugar containing fluids (soda) when she is thirsty, and she eats fast foods (cream-filled muffins) when she is hungry. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common, potentially lethal disease. The instructor should have visual access via one-way windows or cameras. You can plot as many parameters as you want and can choose to display either Historical data or have the graphs update as often as new data comes in and view them in Real-time. 2003;78:783788. 3. Available if the trainee asks: arterial blood gas, glucose, electrolytes, BUN and plasma osmolality (please see last section of Appendix B, Supplemental Digital Content 2, https://links.lww.com/SIH/A2, for values). See Table 4 for a suggested standardized script. This guide has been created to assist students in preparing for emergencysimulationsessionsas part of their training,it is not intended to be relied upon for patient care. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.". Always adhere to medical school/local hospital guidelines when performing examinations or clinical procedures. Physician working in the emergency department. In the meantime, you should re-assess and maintain the patients airway. modify the keyword list to augment your search. - Over 3000 Free MCQs: https://geekyquiz.com/ Review thepatients notes,chartsandrecent investigation results. This article originally appeared in March 2011 JEMS as Diabetes Demonstration: Simulation-based learning works best., Simulation Training Ideal for Diabetic Patients, CMS Begins Reprocessing Retroactive Payments, Documents Detail EMTs Failure to Aid Tyre Nichols, New Course Lets Bystanders Be the Help Until Help Arrives, All Paramedic Recruits in New Castle County (DE) Obtain NRP Certification, International Prehospital Medicine Institute Literature Review, March 2023. The optimal number of simulation participants is four to seven individuals, depending on the case study objectives. She does not take this regularly. Trainee will improve their understanding of clinical practice through reflective assessment of actual cases during the prior PBL sessions. Strategies of high-performing paramedic educational programs. - Severity 05:32 Her medical, social, and family histories are not clear at the time of admission to the emergency department. They should be used in conjunction with the maneuvres mentioned above as the position of the head and neck need to be maintained to keep the airway aligned. Trainee will learn to collaborate with peers to decide on appropriate interventions, tests, and therapy. Medical Simulation Scenarios are text documents outlining the various details of a simulation - everything from patient simulator settings to debriefing notes.Below is a collection of donated scenarios for you to use or modify. During the debriefing process that follows the simulation, well-balanced performance measures will guide feedback toward accomplished tasks and may illustrate existing decision-making, behavioral or technical skill deficits. Introduceyourselfto whoever has requested a review of the patient andlistencarefullyto their handover. 4. Properly interpret a venous blood gas (VBG) and basic metabolic panel in a patient presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. 2011;15:108109. However, we should not spend too much time on (not become distracted with) explaining unfamiliar monitors for the present trainees, such as central venous pressure or ETCO2 concentration. If the patient loses consciousness and there are no signs of life on assessment, put out a crash call and commence CPR. The instructors role is to facilitate active learning through a combination of learning styles. On arrival to the ER, standard monitors (electrocardiogram [ECG] and pulse oximetry [SpO2]) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) concentration were placed, and the patient was given oxygen by nasal cannulae. With your index and other fingers placed behind the angle of the mandible, apply steady upwards and forward pressure to lift the mandible. Capillary refill timemay be prolonged if the patient is hypovolaemic. Emergency medical services workLife characteristics contribute to clinically significant excessive daytime sleepiness. Therefore, the same file is also sent to the participants before the session. Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, et al. In keeping with the case study, as a treatment marker is reached, the instructor should place emphasis on physiological, pharmacological, environmental and psychosocial issues. An oropharyngeal airway is a curved plastic tube with a flange on one end that sits between the tongue and hard palate to relieve soft palate obstruction. - Character 02:14 Catheterisethe patient to closelymonitor urine outputto guide fluid resuscitation and need for escalation. The following scenarios are available for download and are designed to meet your multi-disciplinary nursing needs. 3. Askhow the patient is feeling as this may provide some useful information about their current symptoms. Similar to a ward round, where the instructor would say: Come and listen to this patient with an aortic stenosis. unilateral coarse crackles may be present if the patient has pneumonia which may have been the precipitant for DKA). We also show them IV bags containing saline and Ringers lactate, as well as show them IV infusion sets. Animated Lecture
Advance the airway until it lies within the pharynx. The use of simulation-based instruction enables a student to learn at their own pace and allows them to repeat sequential steps to gain confidence and proficiency. Respiratory Failure in the Course of Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis A patient presenting with altered level of consciousness and a blood sugar level below 80 mg/dL should be considered hypoglycemic, and treatment modalities should be consistent with those for a diabetic patient. >> Fernandez AR, Mac Crawford J, Pennell ML, et al. confusion, coma), All critically unwell patients should have. For instance, one of the questions is: Why is Tiffany dehydrated? There are several possible reasons and mechanisms (as outlined in Appendix B, fourth 15 minutes, Supplemental Digital Content 2, https://links.lww.com/SIH/A2), which the students can mention. TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@geekymedics Despite this increased calorie intake, she noticed an unexplained 20 lbs weight loss. Kymera Systems Inc | SCADA Online Demo Ignition Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, most common in patients with type 1 diabetes in particular due to a deficiency or absence of insulin [1].. Facilitator to ask how often to measure BMs may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed
The learning environment should closely mimic real-world applications. We used the Medical Education Technologies Inc. (METI) Human Patient Stimulator (HPS, METI Sarasoto, Fl). Manikin staging can provide strong cues. Measure the patients capillary blood glucose and ketone levels to confirm the diagnosis and guide the management of DKA. Open the patients airwayusing ahead-tiltchin-lift manoeuvre: 1. 2008;6:278302. 2. This style also doesnt mimic an actual scene, and a student may feel that treatment modalities and skills are performed at a slower rate than real-world applications. A GCS of 8 or below warrants urgent expert help from an anaesthetist. 4 0 obj
Should any changes be made to the current management of their underlying condition(s)? 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